Introduction
The clavichord, a compact and delicate keyboard instrument, exudes a subtle and intimate sound, making it uniquely suited for private enjoyment. Emerging in the medieval period, it has the distinctive capability to provide dynamic control and allow for vibrato, offering a rich, albeit quiet, expressive palette.
Physical Structure
- Keys: Levers that, when pressed, activate a tangent which strikes the strings.
- Strings: Metal wires which produce sound when struck by the tangents.
- Soundboard: Amplifies the string vibrations and contributes to the clavichord’s characteristic sound.
- Body: Generally rectangular and unassuming, housing the internal mechanisms and strings.
Sound Production
In the clavichord, sound is produced when keys are pressed, causing a brass or metal tangent to strike the corresponding string. The tangent not only initiates the sound but also establishes the pitch, as the segment of string between the tangent and the tuning peg vibrates. The musician can affect the pitch and intensity by varying the pressure on the key, creating dynamic and expressive possibilities.
Repertoire and Styles
The clavichord has been cherished for its ability to convey intricate details and nuances, making it a favorite for solo keyboard works in the Baroque period, although it also persisted into the Classical era. Composers such as Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach were known to favor the clavichord for its expressivity. The instrument’s quiet dynamics and intimate sound are particularly well-suited to private performance and practice.
Notable Clavichordists
- Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach: A prominent composer and performer, advocating for the expressive capabilities of the clavichord.
- Friedrich Ludwig Dulon: Celebrated flutist and clavichordist of the 18th century.
- Christopher Hogwood: A modern advocate for historical performance practice, including the clavichord.
- Gustav Leonhardt: Noted for his contributions to early music performance, which includes recordings on the clavichord.
Conclusion
The clavichord stands out in the history of keyboard instruments for its intimate, nuanced sound and the delicate, dynamic control it offers to performers. While it may not fill concert halls with robust sound, its gentle, expressive quality has charmed those seeking a deeply personal and articulate instrument for both composition and private enjoyment, ensuring its cherished place in the tapestry of music history.